Scuplture

Sculpture

"You may have a lot of talent, but you need to develop that talent."

CLASS LECTURE: (February 23, 2017)

Methods

1. Modeling
• Additive & Subtractive
2. Casting
• Additive
3. Carving
• Subtractive
4. Assembling
• Additive

Additive or Subtractive Means

• Additive = The process of putting something on.
• Subtractive = The process of taking something away.

Modeling

• Clay
• Oils based
• You can't fire this type of clay. It will melt.
• Water based
• Armature
• An interior support system (metal pipe and aluminum wire)
• The clay is so heavy, it needs help keeping it up.

Casting

• Invented in Africa
• Bronze statues.

Steps in the Lost Wax Casting Method:

• Create mold of the original clay
• Remove the original from the mold
• Coat interior of mold with melted wax.
• Remove hollow wax replacement of original clay.
• Encase wax in plaster mold
• Melt wax from plaster mold
• Turn mold upside down and pour in molten bronze
• Remove plaster mold
• Cireperdue
• Cire = wax
• Perdue = lost
• Result : Hollow bronze identical to original clay.
• Cireperdue 
• Cire = wax
• Perdue = lost
• Patina
• The finish on a bronze sculpture
• Using heat and chemicals

Carving

• The process of taking away (reductive/subtractive)
• 
  

-End of Class Discussion-

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CLASS LECTURE: (February 28, 2017)

“In every block of marble I see a statue as plain as though it stood before me, shaped and perfect in attitude and action. I have only to hew away the rough walls that imprison the lovely apparition to reveal it to the other eyes as mine see it.” -- Michelangelo, about carving.

Carving

• The process of taking away (reductive/subtractive)

Assembling

• We were given the example of students who went to the dump, found interesting things, and made sculptures out of what they found.
• Similar to the pictures of the "muffler" sculptures.

Dimensions of Sculpture

• BAS (Low) RELIEF
• Projects < 50% from the surface
• HAUT (high) RELIEF
• Projects > 50% from the surface 
• FREESTANDING
• or Sculpture "In the Round" (seen from 360 degrees)

Low Relief Sculpture

• Almost flat
• Much like the face of George Washington on a quarter
• Trajan's Column, Rome 113 AD

High Relief 

• Sticks out much more than low relief sculptures.
• Example:
• "Elgin Marbles" Parthenon Frieze, Greek, 450 BC

Freestanding

• Something that can be viewed from all around.
• Example:
• The Augustus of Prima Porta, Roman
• Very difficult to do, to make a sculpture look good from every angle. 
• Takes great artistic skill.
• There was a Spencer W. Kimball sculpture that was absolutely terrible. IT looked great from the front, but from the sides, or anywhere else, it looked like a monkey-Yoda mixture.

The Human Figure

Contrapposto

• Mankind, from the earliest days, tried to commemorate human beings.

The Human Figure: Frontal vs Contrapposto

• Contrapposto
• Italian word for counterweight or counterpoise.
• In order for something to look balanced, it has to BE balanced
• Example:
• Mycerinus and Ka-Merer-Nebty from Giza

A Survey of Sculpture Both Ancient & Modern

Mobile

• Sculptures that move.

Sculpture Gallery

• Classical Influence, Representational Motives...
• Stone Heads, Easter Island
• Mount Rushmore
• Handcart Pioneers, Torlief Knaphus
• The Pieta, Michelangelo
• Sculpture as fun, Common People...
• Serious Artists...
• Duane Hansen
• Christo and Jean Claude 

Cinematography Continued...

Cinematography Continued...

This Thursday, we are having a QUIZ on photography and cinematography. 

Next Tuesday, we will have a take home QUIZ.

NEXT Thursday, we will have no class!

CLASS LECTURE: (February 21, 2017)

We're watching a movie! It's in the AFI top 100, but we won't get credit for watching it.

Charles Chaplin in "The Gold Rush"

Photography

Photography

HAPPY BIRTHDAY BROTHER GRIFFIN!!

CLASS LECTURE: (February 14, 2017)

Photography

• "Light Picture"
• MEDIUM = Light
• Photography was invented in 1826
• Light can transmit an image
• First noticed by seeing a reflection.
• "Light can reflect an image!"
• If you put a hole in a cardboard box, on the opposite side you will see an image, but fuzzy and upside down.
• Accuracy!

Camera Obscura

• "Box" "Dark"
• A dark area
• Originally used to project an image on a canvas to paint more realistically. 
• A camera obscure COULD NOT make photographs.
• Basically just a box with a hole in it.

Heliography

• "Sun Writing"
• Invented by Joseph Niépce in 1826.
• First photographic image!
• 8 hours of exposure time.
• Pewter plate was sensitized using chemicals (asphaltum). 
• Solvents were used to was away asphaltum that wasn't hardened by the light.
• Created an immediate positive image
• Couldn't be copied.

Daguerreotype

• Invented by a Frenchman named Jacques Louis Daguerre.
• Worked with Niépce.
• Improved and changed the way photographs were taken.
• Photographs had to be kept inside of a special box.
• Oxygen made it deteriorate.
• Mathew Brady
• His goal was to take a photo of every important person.
• Famous for taking pictures of the Civil War.

Kodak

• Eastman Kodak Company
• "You press the button, we do the rest"
• George Eastman

Photomechanical Image Recording

• Portraiture
• Images of people like Abert Einstein, Helen Keller, and Abraham Lincoln were captured, so we know what they look like years later.
•  Landscape
• Ansel Adams
• He had an unbelievable drive to capture images that he really wanted to capture.

Documentation

• Dorthea Lange

Purposes of Photography

• Fine Art
• Photojournalism

• Television
  
• Newspaper
• News Correspondent
• Documents the things that are happening. "Stuff that's going on".
• On the scene
• Shows an example of someone documenting the Vietnam era, and the photo of a couple celebrating the end of WWII
• Editorial Photography

•  Editorial Photography
• To convey a certain image about something or to sell a product.
• Advertising
• Fashion

Cinematography

• Kinemat = Movement
• Graphy = Picture

-End of Class Discussion-

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CLASS LECTURE: (February 16, 2017)

We can watch classic films for extra credit! Just go to afi.com

We can watch anything OTHER than fantasy or science fiction films, unless you clear it with Bro. Griffin.

We can't watch anything that we have already seen.
We get 5 pts per movie you watch, and we have a limit of 5 movies we can get extra credit for.

Cinematography

• Kinemat = Movement
• Graphy = Picture
• We are adding motion to photography.
• Studies of Motion



Zoopraxiscope

• Eadweard Muybridge
• "Animal Locomotion" 1887
• Inventor of the "Zoopraxiscope"
• Origins of animation
• Principle
• Persistence of Vision
• Retention of a visual image in the mind.
• Zoopraxiscope
• Like a little toy



Celluloid Negatives

• A bunch of pictures on a wheel, and spun around.
• Celluloid Negatives
• Invented by Hannibal Goodwin, 1888
• Refined and marketed by George Eastman, 1889
• Thomas Edison was involved,
• Goodwin's next step was to create long strips of film where a series of still pictures could be captured in rapid succession.

Three Necessary Elements

1. Flexible Connected Images
• William Talbot - Celluloid
2. Artificial Light Source
• Thomas Edison - Light bulb
3. Projector
• Lumiere Brothers

Film Shorts

• First film in laboratory = "Fredd Ott's S Sneeze" 1894
• Thomas Edison, W.K.L. Dickson
• Forst Commercial film = "The Arrival of the Train" 1895
• The Lumiere Brothers.

Silent Film Era

• 1890's - 1927
• Charlie Chaplin, Auteur
• "Auteur" = Author
• Person who exerts great creative control.

Technical Advances

• Sound - 1927
• Color - 1930

Terminology

• Full shot - head to toe
• Medium shot - waist up
• Close up - Head & Shoulders
• Extreme Close Up - Part of face
• Long shot - distance
• Flashback - cut to earlier times
• Cross cut - Two or more scenes together
• Animation 
• Special Effects
• etc. ...

-End of Class Discussion-

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Graphic Design

Graphic Design

CLASS LECTURE: (February 7, 2017)

Logotypes

• A visual symbol for a business or an identifying mark.
• Handed down from the "family crests".
• Trademarks from swords, etc.
• Nike, Target, World Wildlife Fund, Shell, Twitter, McDonalds, Mercedes, Apple, NBC.

Corporate Identity

"If you're a big business, everything you do should remind people of your business."

"If the logo doesn't communicate almost immediately what the business is, you're a bad graphic designer. I don't care how pretty you think it is."

• Branding
• The identity of a corporation.
• It has to communicate, otherwise it's a bad design.
• Identity Book
• We can mis-design, or over-design.
• We were given the example of Bro. Griffin being hired to create a logo for a restaurant. HE did well, but the restaurant couldn't use the logo because it made the restaurant look too expensive.
• It needs to be:
• Recognizable, approachable, clean, etc.
• Create a look of professionalism

Package Design

• We reviewed different product designs and whether it is successful or not.

Editorial Design

• The way magazine covers are designed, etc.
• Something that makes it work is when the design and the typography fit together really well.

Poster Design

Web Design

Advertising

• It gives us a "feeling" for something.
• A child had an Eggo waffle for a halo as he left for school on a poster.
• Bathroom fixtures: "It's seen you naked. It's heard you sing."
• Cascade Clear: "2 times more hydrogen than oxygen!"

-End of Class Discussion-

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CLASS LECTURE: (February 9, 2017)

For those of you who missed class today, you missed an extra credit opportunity.

THIS INFORMATION IS NOT IN THE BOOK. This is NEW information from Brother Griffin.
Half of the quiz on Tuesday is going to be on Typography. 

Typography

• The formal word for the art and science of letter forms.
• Science, because of the analysis of how it affects the person.
• If it's too big or too small
• Your eye has been trained to read words, even if it is halfway covered (on top or bottom)
• Font
• All of the characters of one particular typestyle. 
• Type has tremendous variety
• Type has "personality"
• Is it harsh, bold, powerful, meek, cuddly, etc.?
• Friendly, forceful, cold, conservative, stern, medium emotion, warm, strong, unsettling, flippant, edgy.

Categories of Type

1. Serif
2. Sans Serif
3. Decorative
4. Script

• Serif
• Serifs are the "wings" on the letters.
• Thick and thin strokes.
• Times, Century, etc.
• Sans Serif
• Plain, without wings.
• Strokes have even width
• Arial, Century Gothic, etc.
• Decorative

• Have more personality
• It's harder to read, so is used less often.
• Typically used for titles.

• Papayrus, Playbill, etc.
• Script
•  Types of Script font:
• Determination, Flight of Fancy, etc.

Weight of Type:

• Types:
• Thin, Light, Regular, Medium, Bold, Black, Condensed

Measuring Type:

• Points and Picas
• Picas
• 1/6 of an inch.
• Points
• 1/72 of an inch.
• 12 points = 1 pica
• 72 points = 1 inch.

Leading

• The space between the lines of type.
• From baseline to baseline.
• The smaller the type, and the tighter the leading, the less legible it is.

Type Alignment

• Flush Left, Flush Right, Centered, and Justified
• The four most common.
• Centered
• Commonly used for wedding invitation
• Justified
• Commonly used for newspapers.

Layout, Paste Up, Mechanical

• Mechanical
• Composed according to a "Grid System"
• What is sent to the printer.
• Progression
• Thumb nail, Rough Comp, Tight Comp.
• Four Color Printing Process

Four Color Printing Process

• Color is separated into four colors
• Cyan Magenta, Yellow, Black
• CMYK
• Dot Pattern
• Visual Mixing
• Talked about previously.

-End of Class Discussion-

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